Wednesday, October 17, 2018

What are the types of network topology

TYPES 
OF 
 NETWORK 
TOPOLOGY


MESH TOPOLOGY


Also called mesh topology or a mesh network, mesh is a network topology in which devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes. In a true mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network.

There are two types of mesh topologies : full mesh and partial mesh.
Full mesh topology occurs when every node has a circuit connecting it to every other node in a network. Full mesh is very expensive to implement but yields the greatest amount of redundancy, so in the event that one of those nodes fails, network traffic can be directed to any of the other nodes. Full mesh is usually reserved for backbone networks.

Partial mesh topology is less expensive to implement and yields less redundancy than full mesh topology. With partial mesh, some nodes are organized in a full mesh scheme but others are only connected to one or two in the network. Partial mesh topology is commonly found in peripheral networks connected to a full meshed backbone.

STAR TOPOLOGY



Star Topology: In a star network devices are connected to a central computer, called a hub. Nodes communicate across the network by passing data through the hub.
Star network is one of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest form, a star network consists of one central hub which acts as a conduit to transmit messages. In star topology, every host is connected to a central hub. A star network is an implementation of a spoke–hub distribution paradigm in computer networks.

The hub and hosts, and the transmission lines between them, form a graph with the topology of a star. Data on a star network passes through the hub before continuing to its destination. The hub manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.

RING TOPOLOGY
        



A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node - a ring.

Rings can be unidirectional, with all traffic travelling either clockwise or anticlockwise around the ring, or bidirectional (as in SONET/SDH ).  Because a unidirectional ring topology provides only one pathway between any two nodes, unidirectional ring networks may be disrupted by the failure of a single link.[1] A node failure or cable break might isolate every node attached to the ring. In response, some ring networks add a "counter-rotating ring" (C-Ring) to form a redundant topology: in the event of a break, data are wrapped back onto the complementary ring before reaching the end of the cable, maintaining a path to every node along the resulting C-Ring.





HYBRID TOPOLOGY

- The Hybrid Topology can be a combination of two or more basic topologies , such as bus , mesh, ring , star, or tree   

- Hybrid networks combine two or more than two topologies , which , in turn , enables you to get advantages of  the constituent topologies




LINEAR BUS TOPOLOGY


Linear bus topology is a type of network topology in which each device is connected one after the other in a sequential chain (shown right). In this case, the bus is the network connection between the devices, and if any link in the network chain is severed, all network transmission is halted.


Linear Bus is a linear bus topology consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end All nodes (file server, workstations, and peripherals) are connected to the linear cable. 

 - Sources - 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology
http://computernetworkingtopics.weebly.com/linear-bus-topology.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology#Hybrid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network














What are the types of cable?


⥂ TYPES OF CABLE 



Twisted Pair

Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are twisted around each other. Each connection on twisted pair requires both wires.

TYPES OF TP

1.STP


The extra covering in shielded twisted pair wiring protects the transmission line from electromagnetic interference leaking into or out of the cable. STP cabling often is used in Ethernet networks, especially fast data rate Ethernets. Contrast with UTP.




2.UTP


UTP stands for Unshielded Twisted Pair cable. UTP cable is a 100 ohm copper cable that consists of 2 to 1800 unshielded twisted pairs surrounded by an outer jacket. They have no metallic shield. This makes the cable small in diameter but unprotected against electrical interference.





Coaxial





Coaxial cable, or coax is a type of electrical cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable was invented by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880.[1]Coaxial cable differs from other shielded cables because the dimensions of the cable are controlled to give a precise, constant conductor spacing, which is needed for it to function efficiently as a transmission line.

Ciber Optic



Fiber optics, or optical fiber, refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic strand or fiber. A fiber optic cable can contain a varying number of these glassfibers -- from a few up to a couple hundred.






DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STRAIGHT THROUGH AND CROSSOVER CABLE

Ethernet cables can be wired as straight through or crossover. The straight through is the most common type and is used to connect computers to hubs or switches. They are most likely what you will find when you go to your local computer store and buy a patch cable. Crossover cable is more commonly used to connect a computer to a computer and may be a little harder to find since they aren’t used nearly as much as straight through cable.

Straight through and crossover cables are wired differently from each other. One easy way to tell what you have is to look at the order of the colored wires inside the RJ45 connector. If the order of the wires is the same on both ends, then you have a straight through cable. If not, then it’s most likely a crossover cable or was wired wrong. At present, the straight through cable is much more popular than crossover cable and is widely used by people.






SOURCES : 
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=twisted+pair&oq=twis&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j69i59l3.2047j0j1&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1280&bih=699&ei=mRnIW9iaG8b_8gXyobOQCw&q=shielded+twisted+pair+cable&oq=shielded+twisted+pair+cable&gs_l=psy-ab.3..35i39k1j0i7i30k1l9.11911.12046.0.12398.2.2.0.0.0.0.135.257.0j2.2.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.2.255...35i304i39k1j0i13k1.0.sJT8lgOE7s4
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=unshielded+twisted+pair+cable&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjfud6tn4_eAhXPdd4KHYh-CGQQ_AUICSgA&biw=1280&bih=699&dpr=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=fiber+optic&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjiriOoo_eAhWP62EKHWhYB1MQ_AUICSgA&biw=1280&bih=699&dpr=1

Monday, October 15, 2018

What are the types of computer network

TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK




LOCAL AREA NETWORK
(LAN)

________________________________________________________________________________

- It is a computer network that links devices within a building or group of adjacent buildings

local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence,school,laboratory, university campus or office building.




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PERSONAL AREA NETWORK
(PAN)
ctto*

____________________________________________________________________________________________________


 - A personal area network is a computer network for interconnecting devices centered on an individual person's workspace. A PAN provides data transmission amongst devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets and personal digital assistants.



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METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
(MAN)



________________________________________________________________________________


A metropolitan area network is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network.

A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN that extends from several building blocks to the entire city. MANs also depend on communication channels of moderate to high data rates. MANs can be owned and operated by an organization but it is commonly used by many individuals and organizations. MANs can also be owned and operated as public utilities. These usually provide a way to interconnection of local networks.
metropolitan area network or MAN is a computer network that usually covers a city or large school campus. A MAN usually connects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology such as fiber-optical links and provides up-link services to wide area networks (WANs) and internet.


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WIDE AREA NETWORK
(WAN)




A wide area network is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance/place. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits.

Business, education and government entities use wide area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various locations across the world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location








SOURCES  - https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=types+of+computer+network&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go
                https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network
                https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network
                https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area_network
                https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network







Wednesday, August 1, 2018

How to be a responsible netizen?

To be a responsible netizen,  you need to be aware of all the things that you are doing in surfing and using the internet. 









The internet is a thing that can help us in different kinds of stuff that's why you need to be completely aware and responsible in using the internet .

 Do NOT use the internet (specially in social medias) for doing bad stuffs like SCAMMING people.


USE THE INTERNET FOR GOOD INTENTIONS OR RESEARCHING ONLY








DO NOT cyberbully when you are using your social media accounts






Be responsible when you  use everything that is in the internet.  DO NOT let the internet be the center of your whole  life . 

 

The internet is only supposed to help us in order to make our lives instant, easier, and more faster than doing other stuffs which is harder without the internet. 


The internet is very huge and you can almost do all stuffs to enjoy and entertain yourself BUT you need to be careful in the things that you are doing.